Oschatz Station lies on Germany’s first long-distance railway, which has run throughout from Leipzig to Dresden since 1839. In 1885 the Royal Saxon State Railways opened the narrow-gauge line to Mügeln, and in 1891 a line to Strehla with a connection to the Elbe quay there was added. Besides agricultural goods, the main freight on the 750 mm gauge railway included kaolin from Kemmlitz. Until 1956, this raw material for the porcelain and ceramics industry was loaded onto inland waterway vessels in Strehla. After that, the kaolin was carried exclusively to Oschatz in standard-gauge wagons mounted on transporter wagons. Goods traffic on the Döllnitzbahn ceased in 2001.
The narrow-gauge part of Oschatz Station included extensive facilities, most of which still survive today, though largely unused. Besides a two-road engine shed and the transporter wagon pit, a water house, a signal box and a transhipment crane were also built.